Effect of El Nino on migration and larval transport of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica)     

Kim  Heeyong; Kimura  Shingo; Shinoda  Akira; Kitagawa  Takashi; Sasai  Yoshikazu; Sasaki  Hideharu 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2007,64(7):1387-1395

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Morphodynamics of a high discharge tropical delta, San Juan River, Pacific coast of Colombia     

Juan D Restrepo  Björn Kjerfve  Iván D CorreaJuan González 《Marine Geology》2002,192(4):355-381

The San Juan River has one of the most extensive and best developed deltas on the Pacific coast of South America, measuring 800 km². The river drainage basin measures 16?465 km² and is located in one of the areas with the highest precipitation in the western hemisphere. The annual rainfall varies from 7000 to 11?000 mm, and as a result the San Juan River has the highest water discharge (2550 m³ s⁻¹), sediment load (16×10⁶ t yr⁻¹), and basin-wide sediment yield (1150 t km⁻² yr⁻¹) on the west coast of South America. The San Juan delta growth began approximately 5000 years BP. The structure of the delta is determined by the interactions between fluvial deposition and the effect of 1.7-m significant swells, mostly from the SW, and strong tidal currents. Analysis of delta progradation indicates that during 1848-1992 the morphology of the delta was characterized by beach ridge accretion, spit growth, narrowing of inlets, and a general advance of the delta shoreline. During the past decade processes such as rapid erosion of the delta shore, narrowing of barrier islands, and breaching of a new inlet, are the result of a long-term relative sea-level rise of 2.6 mm yr⁻¹ due to tectonically induced subsidence coupled with a eustatic rise of sea-level. The delta also experiences strong oceanographic manifestations associated with the El Niño-La Niña cycle, causing regional sea-level elevation of 20-30 cm during El Niño years. Recent coastal subsidence in the delta is evidenced by: (1) increased occurrence of non-storm washover events; (2) increased erosion of barrier islands with average loss of 11 m yr⁻¹ during 1993-1997; and (3) a relative sea-level rise of 3.4 mm yr⁻¹ during 1991-1999. The morphology and recent evolution of the San Juan delta are unique when compared to other deltas of South America because of the singular combination of extreme climatic, geologic, and oceanographic conditions under which the delta has formed and the absence of human-induced impact in the drainage basin.  相似文献   

Plankton biomass and larval fish abundance prior to and during the El Niño period of 1997-1998 along the central Pacific coast of México     

C. Franco-Gordo  E. Godínez-Domínguez  A.E. Filonov  J. Freire 《Progress in Oceanography》2004,63(3):99-123

The temporal and spatial distributions of zooplankton biomass and larval fish recorded during 27 months (December 1995-December 1998) off the Pacific coast of central México are analyzed. A total of 316 samples were obtained by surface (from 40-68 to 0 m) oblique hauls at 12 sampling sites using a Bongo net. Two well-defined periods were observed: a pre-ENSO period (December 1995-march 1997) and an ENSO event (July 1997-September 1998) characterized by impoverishment of the pelagic habitat. The highest biomass concentrations occurred at coastal stations during the pre-ENSO period. During the El Niño period no spatial patterns were found in coastal waters. The months with highest biomass were those in which the lowest sea surface temperature (SST) occurred (January-May), and this pattern was also observed during the ENSO period. A typical, although attenuated, seasonal environmental pattern with enhanced phytoplankton (diatoms and dinoflagellates) was prevalent during the El Niño event in nearshore waters. During the El Niño period the phytoplankton was mainly small diatoms (microphytoplankton), while dinoflagellates were practically absent. The most parsimonious generalized linear models explaining spatial and temporal distribution of larval fish species included the ENSO index (MEI), upwelling index (UI) and distance to the coast. The environmental variability defined on an interannual time-scale by the ENSO event and the seasonal hydroclimatic pattern defined by the UI (intra-annual-scale) controlled the ecosystem productivity patterns. The small-scale distribution patterns (defined by a cross-shore gradient) of plankton were related to the hydroclimatic seasonality and modulated by interannual anomalies.  相似文献   

中国热带气旋与厄尔尼诺事件   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

冯利华 《海洋科学》2001,25(9):36-38

根据近50a的实测资料，对中国热带气旋与厄尔尼诺事件的关系进行统计分析。得到如下认识：（1）在厄尔尼诺年，中国热带气旋明显偏少。（2）厄尔尼诺事件的强度越大，中国热带气旋的个数越少。（3）中国热带气旋的强度越大，在厄尔尼诺年出现的机会越少。（4）在厄尔尼诺年，中国热带气旋初次登陆的时间偏晚，终次登陆的时间偏早。（5）厄尔尼诺事件的强度越大，中国热带气旋期的历时越短。  相似文献   

Sea level fluctuations in central California at subtidal to decadal and longer time scales with implications for San Francisco Bay, California   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H.F. Ryan  M.A. Noble 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,73(3-4):538-550

Sea level elevations from near the mouth of San Francisco Bay are used to describe the low-frequency variability of forcing of the coastal ocean on the Bay at a variety of temporal scales. About 90% of subtidal fluctuations in sea level in San Francisco Bay are driven by the sea level variations in the coastal ocean that propagate into the Bay at the estuary mouth. We use the 100-year sea level record available at San Francisco to document a 1.9 mm/yr mean sea level rise, and to determine fluctuations related to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and other climatic events. At time scales greater than 1 year, ENSO dominates the sea level signal and can result in fluctuations in sea level of 10–15 cm. Alongshore wind stress data from central California are also analyzed to determine the impact of changes in coastal elevation at the mouth of San Francisco Bay within the synoptic wind band of 2–30 days. At least 40% of the subtidal fluctuations in sea level of the Bay are tied to the large-scale regional wind field affecting sea level variations in the coastal ocean, with little local, direct wind forcing of the Bay itself. The majority of the subtidal sea level fluctuations within the Bay that are not related to the coastal ocean sea level signal are forced by an east–west sea level gradient resulting from tidally induced variations in sea level at specific beat frequencies that are enhanced in the northern reach of the Bay. River discharge into the Bay through the Sacramento and San Joaquin River Delta also contributes to the east–west gradient, but to a lesser degree.  相似文献   

Circulation and teleconnection mechanisms of Northeast Brazil droughts     

Stefan Hastenrath   《Progress in Oceanography》2006,70(2-4):407

The Northern Nordeste of Brazil has its short rainy season narrowly concentrated around March–April, when the interhemispheric southward gradient of sea surface temperature (SST) is weakest and the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which is the main rainbearing system for the Nordeste, reaches its southernmost position in the course of the year. The recurrent Secas (droughts) have a severe socio-economic impact in this semi-arid region. In drought years, the pre-season (October–January) rainfall is scarce, the interhemispheric SST gradient weakened and the basin-wide southerly (northerly) wind component enhanced (reduced), all manifestations of an anomalously far northward ITCZ position. Apart from this ensemble of Atlantic indicators, the Secas also tend to be preceded by anomalously warm equatorial Pacific waters in January. During El Niño years, an upper-tropospheric wave train extends from the equatorial eastern Pacific to the northern tropical Atlantic, affecting the patterns of upper-tropospheric topography and divergence, and hence of vertical motion over the Atlantic. The altered vertical motion leads to a weaker meridional pressure gradient on the equatorward flank of the North Atlantic subtropical high, and thus weaker North Atlantic tradewinds. The concomitant reduction of evaporation and wind stirring allows for warmer surface waters in the tropical North Atlantic and thus steeper interhemispheric meridional thermal gradient. Consequently, the ITCZ stays anomalously far North and the Nordeste rainy season becomes deficient.  相似文献   

厄尔尼诺(El Nino)事件与东南沿海热带气旋活动的相关分析     

孙成志  张胜军 《海洋技术学报》2007,26(4):94-97

统计分析了近50 a(1949～1998年)厄尔尼诺(ELNINO)事件以及我国东南沿海热带气旋历史资料,得出了厄尔尼诺(ELNINO)事件与我国东南沿海热带气旋的活动频数、移动路径、强度以及相关灾害的关系。  相似文献   

厄尔尼诺形成机制的数值研究     

李东辉  张瑰  谭言科 《海洋预报》2006,23(2):31-38

在中国科学院大气物理研究所研制的第三代大洋环流模式(L30T63OGCM)的基础上,提高模式的水平分辨率,建立了纬向和经向水平分辨率分别为1.5°和1°的较高分辨率的全球大洋环流模式,分析该模式1959年1月~1998年12月的积分结果,以此研究厄尔尼诺事件形成和演变的物理机制。对数值模拟结果的分析表明:西风爆发可引起表层洋流异常,异常的平流作用是海表温度距平形成厄尔尼诺模态的主要原因;表层洋流异常及由其引起的海表高度异常可导致次表层海水垂直输送的异常,异常的垂直输送作用是形成次表层海温距平厄尔尼诺模态的主要原因。  相似文献   

厄尔尼诺事件延长原因的初步分析     

邹娥梅  李若钝  刘赞沛 《热带海洋学报》1993,(4)

利用我国及美国国家气象局提供的热带太平洋月平均海温、水位、地球向外长波辐射和850hPa纬向风资料,对1980年以来的三次厄尔尼诺(El Ni(?)o)事件延长原因及其特征作一分析和探讨。文章指出,El Ni(?)o事件延长的原因主要是:在El Ni(?)o事件发生后,热带太平洋大气环流半年左右的韵律活动及在赤道南、北两侧明显的大气振荡加强,从而使大气的El Ni(?)o异常过程间隔半年相继发生。  相似文献   

Impact of the 1997–1998 El Niño and 1999 La Niña on nutrient supply in the Gulf of Alaska     

F. A. Whitney  D. W. Welch 《Progress in Oceanography》2002,54(1-4)

Nutrient surveys of the Gulf of Alaska, from 1997 through 1999, show that coastal waters of British Columbia and southern Alaska experienced nitrate depletion each spring and summer. Through the 1997–1998 El Niño, waters with less than 1 μM NO₃ covered 250,000 km² area greater than 1999. Silicate levels as low as 0.2 μM were observed in coastal waters, suggesting that diatom growth may have been nutrient limited both in 1998 and 1999. Detailed sampling off the southern coast of British Columbia revealed that 1998 nitrate levels were only half the average of that during the 1970s winter, were depleted 1 month earlier in spring and remained low throughout the summer. Satellite images show that, compared to 1997 and 1999, chlorophyll levels were much lower in the spring of 1998 throughout the coastal waters of the Gulf of Alaska. Conditions changed dramatically during the 1999 La Niña, with ocean-mixed layer depths increasing by 20 m in winter and 40 m in spring when compared to that during 1997–1998 El Niño. Winter nutrient levels increased and summer upwelling returned. Over the past several decades, a trend towards greater stratification of coastal waters appears to be affecting the supply of nutrients to the mixed layer. The effects of stratification were especially obvious during the 1998 El Niño.  相似文献